
{"id":2583,"date":"2018-11-09T14:26:51","date_gmt":"2018-11-09T13:26:51","guid":{"rendered":"\/blog\/?p=2583"},"modified":"2018-11-09T14:26:51","modified_gmt":"2018-11-09T13:26:51","slug":"die-novemberpogrome","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"\/blog\/2018\/11\/09\/die-novemberpogrome\/","title":{"rendered":"Geschichte(n) aktuell: Die Novemberpogrome"},"content":{"rendered":"<h1>Die Novemberpogrome<\/h1>\n<p><strong>Harry Kranner war erst 12 Jahre alt, als am 12. November 1938 zwei Gestapo-Offiziere in die Wohnung seiner Familie in Wien kamen, angeblich, um nach Waffen zu suchen. Harrys Familie war einer von vielen j\u00fcdischen Haushalten, in denen damals solche Razzien stattfanden. In den meisten F\u00e4llen wurden die erwachsenen m\u00e4nnlichen Familienmitglieder verhaftet und in die Konzentrationslager Dachau oder Mauthausen deportiert, so auch Harrys Onkel Arthur. In Deutschland, \u00d6sterreich und der Tschechoslowakei wurden rund 30.000 j\u00fcdische M\u00e4nner inhaftiert. Harry hat all diese Ereignisse in seinem Tagebuch festgehalten.<\/strong><\/p>\n<style id=\"bwg-style-0\">    #bwg_container1_0 #bwg_container2_0 .bwg-container-0.bwg-standard-thumbnails {      width: 628px;              justify-content: center;        margin:0 auto !important;              background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.00);            padding-left: 4px;      padding-top: 4px;      max-width: 100%;            }        #bwg_container1_0 #bwg_container2_0 .bwg-container-0.bwg-standard-thumbnails .bwg-item {    justify-content: flex-start;      max-width: 156px;            width: 156px !important;          }    #bwg_container1_0 #bwg_container2_0 .bwg-container-0.bwg-standard-thumbnails .bwg-item a {       margin-right: 4px;       margin-bottom: 4px;    }    #bwg_container1_0 #bwg_container2_0 .bwg-container-0.bwg-standard-thumbnails .bwg-item0 {      padding: 0px;            background-color:rgba(255,255,255, 0.30);      border: 0px none #CCCCCC;      opacity: 1.00;      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href=\"\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/photo-gallery\/5.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"no\">                <div class=\"bwg-item0 \">          <div class=\"bwg-item1 \">            <div class=\"bwg-item2\">              <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"skip-lazy bwg_standart_thumb_img_0 \"                   data-id=\"101\"                   data-width=\"\"                   data-height=\"\"                   data-src=\"\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/photo-gallery\/thumb\/5.jpg\"                   src=\"\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/photo-gallery\/thumb\/5.jpg\"                   alt=\"Leo Baeck Archives, Harry Kranner Fiss Photo, 1931, Harry Kranner Fiss Collection, AR 25595, Box 4, folder 10\"                   title=\"Leo Baeck Archives, Harry Kranner Fiss Photo, 1931, Harry Kranner Fiss Collection, AR 25595, Box 4, folder 10\" \/>            <\/div>            <div class=\"\">                                                      <\/div>          <\/div>        <\/div>                        <\/a>              <\/div>            <div class=\"bwg-item\">        <a class=\"bwg-a  bwg_lightbox\"  data-image-id=\"99\" href=\"\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/photo-gallery\/6.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"no\">                <div class=\"bwg-item0 \">          <div class=\"bwg-item1 \">            <div class=\"bwg-item2\">              <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"skip-lazy bwg_standart_thumb_img_0 \"                   data-id=\"99\"                   data-width=\"\"                   data-height=\"\"                   data-src=\"\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/photo-gallery\/thumb\/6.jpg\"                   src=\"\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/photo-gallery\/thumb\/6.jpg\"                   alt=\"Leo Baeck Archives, Harry Kranner Fiss Photo, August 1936, Harry Kranner Fiss Collection, AR 25595, Box 4, folder 10\"                   title=\"Leo Baeck Archives, Harry Kranner Fiss Photo, August 1936, Harry Kranner Fiss Collection, AR 25595, Box 4, folder 10\" \/>            <\/div>            <div class=\"\">                                                      <\/div>          <\/div>        <\/div>                        <\/a>              <\/div>            <div class=\"bwg-item\">        <a class=\"bwg-a  bwg_lightbox\"  data-image-id=\"100\" href=\"\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/photo-gallery\/3a.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"no\">                <div class=\"bwg-item0 \">          <div class=\"bwg-item1 \">            <div class=\"bwg-item2\">              <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"skip-lazy bwg_standart_thumb_img_0 \"                   data-id=\"100\"                   data-width=\"\"                   data-height=\"\"                   data-src=\"\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/photo-gallery\/thumb\/3a.jpg\"                   src=\"\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/photo-gallery\/thumb\/3a.jpg\"                   alt=\"Leo Baeck Archives, Diary of Harry Kranner Fiss, Harry Kranner Fiss Collection, AR 25595, Box 1, folder 12\"                   title=\"Leo Baeck Archives, Diary of Harry Kranner Fiss, Harry Kranner Fiss Collection, AR 25595, Box 1, folder 12\" \/>            <\/div>            <div class=\"\">                                                      <\/div>          <\/div>        <\/div>                        <\/a>              <\/div>            <div class=\"bwg-item\">        <a class=\"bwg-a  bwg_lightbox\"  data-image-id=\"98\" href=\"\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/photo-gallery\/3b.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"no\">                <div class=\"bwg-item0 \">          <div class=\"bwg-item1 \">            <div class=\"bwg-item2\">              <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"skip-lazy bwg_standart_thumb_img_0 \"                   data-id=\"98\"                   data-width=\"\"                   data-height=\"\"                   data-src=\"\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/photo-gallery\/thumb\/3b.jpg\"                   src=\"\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/photo-gallery\/thumb\/3b.jpg\"                   alt=\"Leo Baeck Archives, Diary of Harry Kranner Fiss, Harry Kranner Fiss Collection, AR 25595, Box 1, folder 12\"                   title=\"Leo Baeck Archives, Diary of Harry Kranner Fiss, Harry Kranner Fiss Collection, AR 25595, Box 1, folder 12\" \/>            <\/div>            <div class=\"\">                                                      <\/div>          <\/div>        <\/div>                        <\/a>              <\/div>          <\/div>    <style>      \/*pagination styles*\/      #bwg_container1_0 #bwg_container2_0 .tablenav-pages_0 {\t\t\t\ttext-align: center;\t\t\t\tfont-size: 12px;\t\t\t\tfont-family: segoe ui;\t\t\t\tfont-weight: bold;\t\t\t\tcolor: #666666;\t\t\t\tmargin: 6px 0 4px;\t\t\t\tdisplay: block;      }      @media only screen and (max-width : 320px) {      #bwg_container1_0 #bwg_container2_0 .displaying-num_0 {     \t display: none;      }      }      #bwg_container1_0 #bwg_container2_0 .displaying-num_0 {\t\t\t\tfont-size: 12px;\t\t\t\tfont-family: 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bwg_ajax('gal_front_form_0', '0', 'bwg_thumbnails_0', '0', '', 'gallery', 0, '', '', load_more, '', 1);        }                    jQuery('.first-page-0').on('click', function () {              spider_page_0(this, 1, -2, 'numeric');              return false;            });            jQuery('.prev-page-0').on('click', function () {              spider_page_0(this, 1, -1, 'numeric');              return false;            });            jQuery('.next-page-0').on('click', function () {              spider_page_0(this, 1, 1, 'numeric');              return false;            });            jQuery('.last-page-0').on('click', function () {              spider_page_0(this, 1, 2, 'numeric');              return false;            });        \t\t\t\t\/* Change page on input enter. *\/        function bwg_change_page_0( e, that ) {          if (  e.key == 'Enter' ) {            var to_page = parseInt(jQuery(that).val());            var pages_count = jQuery(that).parents(\".pagination-links\").data(\"pages-count\");            var current_url_param = jQuery(that).attr('data-url-info');            if (to_page > pages_count) {              to_page = 1;            }\t \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tspider_page_0(this, to_page, 0, 'numeric');\t\t\t\t\t\t\treturn false;\t\t\t\t\t\t          }          return true;        }        jQuery('.bwg_load_btn_0').on('click', function () {            spider_page_0(this, 1, 1, true);            return false;        });      <\/script>      <\/span>                <\/div>        <\/form>        <style>          #bwg_container1_0 #bwg_container2_0 #spider_popup_overlay_0 {          background-color: #000000;          opacity: 0.70;          }          <\/style>        <div id=\"bwg_spider_popup_loading_0\" class=\"bwg_spider_popup_loading\"><\/div>        <div id=\"spider_popup_overlay_0\" class=\"spider_popup_overlay\" onclick=\"spider_destroypopup(1000)\"><\/div>        <input type=\"hidden\" id=\"bwg_random_seed_0\" value=\"535080869\">                <\/div>    <\/div>    <script>      if (document.readyState === 'complete') {        if( typeof bwg_main_ready == 'function' ) {          if ( jQuery(\"#bwg_container1_0\").height() ) {            bwg_main_ready(jQuery(\"#bwg_container1_0\"));          }        }      } else {        document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function() {          if( typeof bwg_main_ready == 'function' ) {            if ( jQuery(\"#bwg_container1_0\").height() ) {             bwg_main_ready(jQuery(\"#bwg_container1_0\"));            }          }        });      }    <\/script>    \n<p>Drei Tage zuvor, in der Nacht vom 9. auf den 10. November, inszenierten die Nazis eine in Ausma\u00df und Intensit\u00e4t beispiellose Welle von Gewalt gegen J\u00fcdinnen und Juden. In der Kristallnacht, auch bekannt unter dem Begriff <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dhm.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/ns-regime\/ausgrenzung-und-verfolgung\/novemberpogrom-1938.html\" target=\"_blank\">Novemberpogrome<\/a>, der das Ausma\u00df der Gr\u00e4ueltaten noch treffender beschreibt, wurden 267 Synagogen und rund 7.000 j\u00fcdische Gesch\u00e4fte und Betriebe zerst\u00f6rt. Mindestens 91\u00a0J\u00fcdinnen und Juden wurden get\u00f6tet. Unbekannt ist die Anzahl derer, die geschlagen und vergewaltigt wurden. Finanziell beliefen sich die Sch\u00e4den der Novemberpogrome auf rund 400 Millionen US-Dollar (mehr als 6,8 Milliarden US-Dollar nach heutigem Kurs).<a href=\"#_ftn1\" name=\"_ftnref1\">[1]<\/a> Das emotionale Trauma derer, gegen die sich die Gewalt richtete, l\u00e4sst sich nicht beziffern.<\/p>\n<style id=\"bwg-style-1\">    #bwg_container1_1 #bwg_container2_1 .bwg-container-1.bwg-standard-thumbnails {      width: 628px;              justify-content: center;        margin:0 auto !important;              background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.00);            padding-left: 4px;      padding-top: 4px;      max-width: 100%;            }        #bwg_container1_1 #bwg_container2_1 .bwg-container-1.bwg-standard-thumbnails .bwg-item {    justify-content: flex-start;      max-width: 156px;            width: 156px !important;          }    #bwg_container1_1 #bwg_container2_1 .bwg-container-1.bwg-standard-thumbnails .bwg-item a {       margin-right: 4px;       margin-bottom: 4px;    }    #bwg_container1_1 #bwg_container2_1 .bwg-container-1.bwg-standard-thumbnails .bwg-item0 {      padding: 0px; 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Jewish Community Collection AR 2399, F 245\"                   title=\"Leo Baeck Archives, Burning synagogue in Bamberg after Kristallnacht, Bamberg; Jewish Community Collection AR 2399, F 245\" \/>            <\/div>            <div class=\"\">                                                      <\/div>          <\/div>        <\/div>                        <\/a>              <\/div>            <div class=\"bwg-item\">        <a class=\"bwg-a  bwg_lightbox\"  data-image-id=\"91\" href=\"\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/photo-gallery\/2.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"no\">                <div class=\"bwg-item0 \">          <div class=\"bwg-item1 \">            <div class=\"bwg-item2\">              <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"skip-lazy bwg_standart_thumb_img_1 \"                   data-id=\"91\"                   data-width=\"\"                   data-height=\"\"                   data-src=\"\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/photo-gallery\/thumb\/2.jpg\"                   src=\"\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/photo-gallery\/thumb\/2.jpg\"                   alt=\"Leo Baeck Archives, Firemen fighting the fire at a Bamberg synagogue after Kristallnacht November Pogrom (Kristallnacht), Bamberg; Jewish Community Collection AR 2399, F 244\"                   title=\"Leo Baeck Archives, Firemen fighting the fire at a Bamberg synagogue after Kristallnacht November Pogrom (Kristallnacht), Bamberg; Jewish Community Collection AR 2399, F 244\" \/>            <\/div>            <div class=\"\">                                                      <\/div>          <\/div>        <\/div>                        <\/a>              <\/div>            <div class=\"bwg-item\">        <a class=\"bwg-a  bwg_lightbox\"  data-image-id=\"84\" href=\"\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/photo-gallery\/7.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"no\">                <div class=\"bwg-item0 \">          <div class=\"bwg-item1 \">            <div class=\"bwg-item2\">              <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"skip-lazy bwg_standart_thumb_img_1 \"                   data-id=\"84\"                   data-width=\"\"                   data-height=\"\"                   data-src=\"\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/photo-gallery\/thumb\/7.jpg\"                   src=\"\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/photo-gallery\/thumb\/7.jpg\"                   alt=\"Leo Baeck Archives, Interior view of the destroyed Fasanenstrasse Synagogue, Berlin, burned on Kristallnacht Synagogues; Destroyed, Berlin; Jewish Community Collection AR 88 F, F 21324\"                   title=\"Leo Baeck Archives, Interior view of the destroyed Fasanenstrasse Synagogue, Berlin, burned on Kristallnacht Synagogues; Destroyed, Berlin; Jewish Community Collection AR 88 F, F 21324\" \/>            <\/div>            <div class=\"\">                                                      <\/div>          <\/div>        <\/div>                        <\/a>              <\/div>            <div class=\"bwg-item\">        <a class=\"bwg-a  bwg_lightbox\"  data-image-id=\"82\" href=\"\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/photo-gallery\/4.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"no\">                <div class=\"bwg-item0 \">          <div class=\"bwg-item1 \">            <div class=\"bwg-item2\">              <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"skip-lazy bwg_standart_thumb_img_1 \"                   data-id=\"82\"                   data-width=\"\"                   data-height=\"\"                   data-src=\"\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/photo-gallery\/thumb\/4.jpg\"                   src=\"\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/photo-gallery\/thumb\/4.jpg\"                   alt=\"Leo Baeck Archives, Wiesbaden Synagogue Burning; 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           return false;        });      <\/script>      <\/span>                <\/div>        <\/form>        <style>          #bwg_container1_1 #bwg_container2_1 #spider_popup_overlay_1 {          background-color: #000000;          opacity: 0.70;          }          <\/style>        <div id=\"bwg_spider_popup_loading_1\" class=\"bwg_spider_popup_loading\"><\/div>        <div id=\"spider_popup_overlay_1\" class=\"spider_popup_overlay\" onclick=\"spider_destroypopup(1000)\"><\/div>        <input type=\"hidden\" id=\"bwg_random_seed_1\" value=\"957205846\">                <\/div>    <\/div>    <script>      if (document.readyState === 'complete') {        if( typeof bwg_main_ready == 'function' ) {          if ( jQuery(\"#bwg_container1_1\").height() ) {            bwg_main_ready(jQuery(\"#bwg_container1_1\"));          }        }      } else {        document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function() {          if( typeof bwg_main_ready == 'function' ) {            if ( jQuery(\"#bwg_container1_1\").height() ) {             bwg_main_ready(jQuery(\"#bwg_container1_1\"));            }          }        });      }    <\/script>    \n<p>Was zun\u00e4chst als \u201espontaner Volkszorn\u201c in Reaktion auf die Ermordung des deutschen Diplomaten Ernst vom Rath in Paris durch Herschel Grynszpan dargestellt wurde \u2013 Herschel Grynszpan war ein junger Jude polnischer Staatsangeh\u00f6rigkeit, der in Hannover geboren wurde und dessen Familie zusammen mit rund 17.000\u00a0J\u00fcdinnen und Juden polnischer Nationalit\u00e4t aus Deutschland vertrieben wurde \u2013 war in der Tat eine akribisch vorbereitete Aktion, die darauf abzielte, noch mehr Angst unter deutschen\u00a0J\u00fcdinnen und Juden zu verbreiten und sie zu zwingen, bald das Land zu verlassen. \u00c4hnliche Terrorinstrumente wurden sp\u00e4testens ab M\u00e4rz 1938 systematisch \u2013 wenngleich nicht in demselben Ausma\u00df \u2013 eingesetzt, als das nationalsozialistische Deutschland \u00d6sterreich annektierte und eine Reihe brutaler Ma\u00dfnahmen gegen die lokale j\u00fcdische Bev\u00f6lkerung ergriff. Da heftige Reaktionen vonseiten nichtj\u00fcdischer B\u00fcrgerinnen und B\u00fcrger ausblieben, versch\u00e4rften die Nazis die rechtliche und soziale Lage der\u00a0J\u00fcdinnen und Juden in den darauffolgenden Monaten. W\u00e4hrend des Passahfestes im April 1938 wurden Wiener\u00a0J\u00fcdinnen und Juden gezwungen, auf H\u00e4nden und Knien Stra\u00dfen der Hauptstadt zu waschen. Wie es zuvor bereits in Deutschland geschehen war, wurden sie ihrer beruflichen Positionen enthoben und aus ihren Wohnungen vertrieben. Ihre Waren wurden ihnen gestohlen. Im Juni erreichten die gewaltt\u00e4tigen Aktionen Berlin. Zwischen dem 13. und dem 17. Juni intensivierten die Nazi-Beh\u00f6rden ihre \u00dcberf\u00e4lle auf \u00f6rtliche Caf\u00e9s. Selbst Einrichtungen an der repr\u00e4sentativsten Stra\u00dfe Berlins, dem Kurf\u00fcrstendamm, der noch an die bl\u00fchende Kaffeehauskultur der Weimarer Republik erinnerte, blieben von den gewaltt\u00e4tigen Ausschreitungen nicht verschont. Gegen zahlreiche\u00a0J\u00fcdinnen und Juden wurde brutal vorgegangen, sie wurden auch geschlagen. Es kam zu rund 2.000 Verhaftungen. Am 8. Juli wurde die Hauptsynagoge in M\u00fcnchen abgerissen. Die \u00f6rtliche j\u00fcdische Gemeinde hatte nur eine Nacht, um die heiligen Schriftrollen vor der Zerst\u00f6rung zu retten \u2013 ein Luxus, wie sich sp\u00e4ter zeigte, den viele Gemeinden in der Kristallnacht nicht hatten.<\/p>\n<p>Als direkte Folge der Ereignisse bildeten sich vor den ausl\u00e4ndischen Konsulaten in jeder gr\u00f6\u00dferen deutschen Stadt lange Schlangen. Die Menschen versuchten verzweifelt, sich aus Nazideutschland in Sicherheit zu bringen. Dennoch akzeptierten die meisten L\u00e4nder Europas und weltweit nicht mehr als die zugewiesene Quote j\u00fcdischer Fl\u00fcchtlinge aus Nazideutschland. Aus pragmatischen Gr\u00fcnden wie Kosten f\u00fcr die Gesellschaft und unter Missachtung humanit\u00e4rer Appelle internationaler Hilfsorganisationen nahmen L\u00e4nder wie die USA, England, Australien und die Schweiz sowie L\u00e4nder S\u00fcdamerikas keine weiteren Visaantr\u00e4ge entgegen. Nur J\u00fcdinnen und Juden, die Verwandte im Ausland hatten und eidesstattliche Erkl\u00e4rungen vorlegen konnten, wonach diese sie finanziell unterst\u00fctzen w\u00fcrden, konnten ein lebensrettendes Visum erhalten.<\/p>\n<p>Zu den dramatischsten Folgen der Novemberpogrome geh\u00f6rte der Beginn der Kindertransporte. Angesichts der zunehmenden sozialen und rechtlichen Unsicherheit der\u00a0J\u00fcdinnen und Juden beschlossen die Eltern von 10.000 Kindern in Deutschland, \u00d6sterreich und der Tschechoslowakei, ihre Kinder im Alter zwischen 6 Monaten und 16 Jahren unbegleitet nach England, in die Schweiz, nach Holland, Belgien, Frankreich und Schweden zu schicken. 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jQuery('.last-page-2').on('click', function () {              spider_page_2(this, 1, 2, 'numeric');              return false;            });        \t\t\t\t\/* Change page on input enter. *\/        function bwg_change_page_2( e, that ) {          if (  e.key == 'Enter' ) {            var to_page = parseInt(jQuery(that).val());            var pages_count = jQuery(that).parents(\".pagination-links\").data(\"pages-count\");            var current_url_param = jQuery(that).attr('data-url-info');            if (to_page > pages_count) {              to_page = 1;            }\t \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tspider_page_2(this, to_page, 0, 'numeric');\t\t\t\t\t\t\treturn false;\t\t\t\t\t\t          }          return true;        }        jQuery('.bwg_load_btn_2').on('click', function () {            spider_page_2(this, 1, 1, true);            return false;        });      <\/script>      <\/span>                <\/div>        <\/form>        <style>          #bwg_container1_2 #bwg_container2_2 #spider_popup_overlay_2 {          background-color: #000000;          opacity: 0.70;          }          <\/style>        <div id=\"bwg_spider_popup_loading_2\" class=\"bwg_spider_popup_loading\"><\/div>        <div id=\"spider_popup_overlay_2\" class=\"spider_popup_overlay\" onclick=\"spider_destroypopup(1000)\"><\/div>        <input type=\"hidden\" id=\"bwg_random_seed_2\" value=\"1261817574\">                <\/div>    <\/div>    <script>      if (document.readyState === 'complete') {        if( typeof bwg_main_ready == 'function' ) {          if ( jQuery(\"#bwg_container1_2\").height() ) {            bwg_main_ready(jQuery(\"#bwg_container1_2\"));          }        }      } else {        document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function() {          if( typeof bwg_main_ready == 'function' ) {            if ( jQuery(\"#bwg_container1_2\").height() ) {             bwg_main_ready(jQuery(\"#bwg_container1_2\"));            }          }        });      }    <\/script>    \n<p>Die 14-j\u00e4hrige Marianne Salinger lebte zur Zeit der Novemberpogrome noch in Berlin. Als sie in dieser Nacht Zeuge der enormen Zerst\u00f6rung j\u00fcdischen Lebens und j\u00fcdischer Kultur in ihrer Stadt wurde, schlich sie sich ungeachtet der Gefahr in die Synagoge in der Pestalozzistra\u00dfe. Obwohl sie unter normalen Umst\u00e4nden nach j\u00fcdischem Recht die Thorarollen nicht ber\u00fchren durfte, erkannte sie die Ausnahmesituation, in der sie sich befand. Sie hob ein St\u00fcck der Thorarolle auf und versteckte es sorgf\u00e4ltig in ihrem Gebetbuch. Ein paar Monate sp\u00e4ter nahm sie es mit, als sie Deutschland in Richtung England verlie\u00df. Mariannes Odyssee f\u00fchrte sie letztendlich in die USA. Heute werden das von Marianne gerettete Thorast\u00fcck sowie die Dokumente und das Tagebuch von Harry Kranner am <a href=\"http:\/\/www.lbi.org\" target=\"_blank\">Leo Baeck Institute New York|Berlin<\/a> aufbewahrt, der gr\u00f6\u00dften Sammlung von Gegenst\u00e4nden, die von der deutsch-j\u00fcdischen Diaspora gerettet wurden, wozu nat\u00fcrlich auch die Dokumentation der tragischen Ereignisse von 1938 geh\u00f6rt.<\/p>\n<h3>Verweis<\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\">[1]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dollartimes.com\/inflation\/inflation.php?amount=400&amp;year=1938\">https:\/\/www.dollartimes.com\/inflation\/inflation.php?amount=400&amp;year=1938<\/a> (abgerufen am 18. Oktober 2018)<\/p>\n<table border=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"margin-right: 5px;\" src=\"\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/Magdalena-M.-Wrobel.jpg\" width=\"140\" \/><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td bgcolor=\"#3d9b35\">\n<h4 style=\"color: #ffffff; padding: 5px 10px 0px 10px;\">Dr. Magdalena M. Wrobel<\/h4>\n<p style=\"color: #ffffff; padding: 0px 10px 5px 10px;\">Magdalena M. Wrobel promovierte am Lehrstuhl f\u00fcr J\u00fcdische Geschichte und Kultur der Ludwig Maximilian Universit\u00e4t in M\u00fcnchen. Seit 2016 arbeitet sie als Projektmanagerin am Leo Baeck Institut \u2013 New York | Berlin in New York. Am Institut ist sie momentan f\u00fcr das <a style=\"color: white;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lbi.org\/1938projekt\/11\/\" target=\"_blank\">1938Projekt<\/a> zust\u00e4ndig.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<h2><span>Die Novemberpogrome<span><\/h2>\n<p>Harry Kranner war erst 12 Jahre alt, als am 12. November 1938 zwei Gestapo-Offiziere in die Wohnung seiner Familie in Wien kamen, angeblich, um nach Waffen zu suchen. Harrys Familie war einer von vielen j\u00fcdischen Haushalten, in denen damals solche Razzien stattfanden. In den meisten F\u00e4llen wurden die erwachsenen m\u00e4nnlichen Familienmitglieder verhaftet und in die Konzentrationslager Dachau oder Mauthausen deportiert, so auch Harrys Onkel Arthur. In Deutschland, \u00d6sterreich und der Tschechoslowakei wurden rund 30.000 j\u00fcdische M\u00e4nner inhaftiert. Harry hat all diese Ereignisse in seinem Tagebuch festgehalten.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":2585,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[167,818,677,1659],"class_list":["post-2583","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-geschichten-aktuell","tag-deutschland","tag-juedische-geschichte","tag-nationalsozialismus","tag-novemberpogrome"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2583","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2583"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2583\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2592,"href":"\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2583\/revisions\/2592"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2585"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2583"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2583"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2583"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}